Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical industries. These reactors employ hollow fibers as the core structure to facilitate efficient separation between phases. The special design of hollow fiber membranes allows high contact zone per unit volume, leading to optimized efficie

PVDF membrane bioreactors represent a popular technology for ultra-filtration membrane wastewater remediation. These units offer several advantages, including efficient removal rates of chemical pollutants, reduced sludge formation, and improved water quality. Additionally, PVDF membranes are known for their stability, making them viable for long-t